Antiradical Scavenging Activity Research Articles

Optimization of the extrusion parameters for the production of lentil-quinoa extrudates enriched with pumpkin.

This study aimed to develop a protein-fiber-rich extruded product based on yellow lentil, quinoa, and pumpkin flours. The final product quality is affected by formulation and extrusion parameters. Therefore, the effect of the pumpkin-flour ratio (A: 25-75%) and feed moisture content (C: 14-22%) besides barrel screw speed (B: 120-180 rpm) on the physical attributes of extrudates was investigated. Box-Behnken experimental design and stepwise-response surface method were used to analyze the effects of various process variables and ingredients on extrudates. The pumpkin-flour ratio had a significant positive correlation with bulk density (BD), water solubility index (WSI), and oil absorption index. Whereas the correlation between pumpkin-flour ratio with hardness, porosity, expansion ratio (ER), and water absorption index (WAI) was negative (P < 0.05). The feed moisture content positively affected the water activity (aw) and WAI and negatively affected the harness of samples (P < 0.05). The screw speed had a positive effect on ER, porosity, and WSI, whereas it negatively influenced the hardness, BD, and aw. By increasing the pumpkin-flour ratio, air cell size and wall thickness of samples had been decreased. The results showed that 44.2% pumpkin flour, 22% feed moisture, and 172.1 rpm screw speed gave an optimized product. There was no significant difference between predicted and experimental values (except for ER). The optimized snack was a good source of fiber (around 15%), protein (17.3%), and antioxidants (TPC = 15.28 mg GAE.g-1 and antiradical scavenging activity (DPPH) = 33.66%). The caloric value of the optimized snack was 362.6 cal.100g-1. The current formulation can be considered as the base of snack food or plant-based meat alternatives.

Strain-specific features of Pleurotus ostreatus growth in vitro and some of its biological activities

BackgroundThe production of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium as a promising object for use in food and other industries is hampered by a lack of information about the strain-specificity of this fungus mycelium growth and its acquisition of various biological activities. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate mycelial growth of different P. ostreatus strains on varies solid and liquid media as well as to evaluate strains antagonistic, antibacterial, antiradical scavenging activities, and total phenolic content.ResultsPotato Dextrose Agar medium was suitable for all strains except P. ostreatus strain 2460. The best growth rate of P. ostreatus 2462 strain on solid culture media was 15.0 ± 0.8 mm/day, and mycelia best growth on liquid culture media—36.5 ± 0.2 g/l. P. ostreatus strains 551 and 1685 were more susceptible to positive effect of plant growth regulators Ivin, Methyur and Kamethur. Using of nutrient media based on combination of natural waste (amaranth flour cake and wheat germ, wheat bran, broken vermicelli and crumbs) has been increased the yield of P. ostreatus strains mycelium by 2.2–2.9 times compared to the control. All used P. ostreatus strains displayed strong antagonistic activity in co-cultivation with Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Issatchenkia orientalis, Fusarium poae, Microdochium nivale in dual-culture assay. P. ostreatus 2462 EtOAc mycelial extract good inhibited growth of Escherichia coli (17.0 ± 0.9 mm) while P. ostreatus 2460 suppressed Staphylococcus aureus growth (21.5 ± 0.5 mm) by agar well diffusion method. The highest radical scavenging effect displayed both mycelial extracts (EtOH and EtOAc) of P. ostreatus 1685 (61 and 56%) by DPPH assay as well as high phenolic content (7.17 and 6.73 mg GAE/g) by the Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The maximal total phenol content (7.52 mg GAE/g) demonstrated of P. ostreatus 2461 EtOH extract.ConclusionsIt is found that the growth, antibacterial, antiradical scavenging activity as well as total phenolic content were dependent on studied P. ostreatus strains in contrast to antagonistic activity. The proposed culture mediums of natural waste could be an alternative to commercial mediums for the production mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus strains.

The Relationship Between Total Phenol, Total Flavonoid, and IC50 Contents of Different Parts of Satureja thymbra and Nutrient Elements

The goal of this study is to investigate the variations in certain quality parameters, including total antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid contents, of various organs, including inflorescences, leaves and stems, of the Satureja thymbra plant, which grows naturally in the Kaş district of Antalya. Also, the relationship between these quality parameters and the nutrient content of the plant was revealed. The free radical (DPPH) was used to determine the antiradical scavenging activities of extracts prepared from various parts of the plant. The concentration of the antioxidant compound that can cause a 50 % loss in DPPH free radical activity is expressed by the IC50 value. S. thymbra leaf extracts have higher antiradical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.11 mg dw/mg-DPPH), total phenol (38.79 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid (29.0 mg/g) content than extracts of other plant components.

Unveiling antibacterial and antioxidant activities of zinc phosphate-based nanosheets synthesized by Aspergillus fumigatus and its application in sustainable decolorization of textile wastewater

BackgroundThe development of an environment-friendly nanomaterial with promising antimicrobial and antioxidant properties is highly desirable. The decolorization potentiality of toxic dyes using nanoparticles is a progressively serious worldwide issue.MethodsThe successful biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles based on phosphates (ZnP-nps) was performed using the extracellular secretions of Aspergillus fumigatus. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthetic ZnP-nps was investigated against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria using the agar diffusion assay method. The antioxidant property for the biosynthetic nanomaterial was evaluated by DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging assay.ResultsRemarkable antibacterial and antiradical scavenging activities of ZnP-nps were observed in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was 25 µg/ml, however, the MIC for Bacillus subtilis was 12.5 µg/ml. The maximum adsorptive performance of nanomaterial was respectively achieved at initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), where sorbent dosages were 0.5 g for MB and 0.75 g for MB; pH was 8.0 for MB and 4.0 for MO; temperature was 30 °C; contact time was 120 min. The experimental data was better obeyed with Langmuir’s isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.999). The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of MB and MO dyes on nanomaterial were 178.25 mg/g and 50.10 mg/g, respectively. The regenerated nanomaterial, respectively, persist > 90% and 60% for MB and MO after 6 successive cycles. The adsorption capacity of the prepared zinc phosphate nanosheets crystal toward MB and MO, in the present study, was comparable/superior with other previously engineered adsorbents.ConclusionsBased on the above results, the biosynthesized ZnP-nanosheets are promising nanomaterial for their application in sustainable dye decolorization processes and they can be employed in controlling different pathogenic bacteria with a potential application as antiradical scavenging agent. Up to our knowledge, this is probably the first study conducted on the green synthesis of ZnP-nanosheets by filamentous fungus and its significant in sustainable dye decolorization.

Exploration and Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of ABANA: A Polyherbal Formulation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of Abana® (a poly-ingredient formulation with natural constituents). Methods: Extensive ethanol extraction of polyherbal formulations was followed by fractionation into petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. Various fractions were further analyzed using this conventional method for phytochemical composition and concentration dependent antioxidant activity. Due to the presence of phenolic compounds in the formulation, extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and in- vitro antioxidant activity. Antioxidant capacity was determined using total reducing potential, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-ethyl-benzothiozoline-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) and nitric oxide inhibition assays. Results: Primitive phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins which were confirmed using thin-layer chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Abana tablet extracts decreased in the order ethyl acetate &gt; ethanolic &gt; chloroform &gt; petroleum ether comparable to that of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene. Conclusion: The current investigation suggests that the ethanolic extract and fractions of Abana polyherbal formulations exhibit significant antioxidant activity. Our results strongly imply that polyherbal compounds are a potential source of antioxidants capable of scavenging free radicals. The strong positive connection between antiradical scavenging activity and overall polyphenolic concentration in polyherbal drugs demonstrates that polyphenols are significant components capable of scavenging free radicals. Additional research is required to isolate and characterize the active moiety responsible for biological activity and treat it under various stress conditions.

Antigenotoxic Potential of Dayak Onion Bulb and Leaf (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) Ethanol Extract with Allium cepa Assay

Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) has the potential as an antigenotoxic agent capable of counteracting the effects of damage to DNA due to ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). The bioactive compounds in Dayak onions have antiradical scavenging activity that plays a role in counteracting free radicals so that they can improve the genotoxicity that occurs. The purpose of this study was to determine the antigenotoxic potential of the ethanol extract of Dayak onion bulb and Dayak onion leaf using the Allium cepa assay. This study used a completely randomized design with various treatments of extract concentration (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ppm) after immersion of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with 3 replications. Chromosome observations of shallot (Allium cepa L.) roots were carried out between 09.00-10.00 am and then the mitotic index and percentage of inhibition were determined. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively, quantitatively, and through the ANOVA test followed by the 5% DMRT test. The ethanolic extract of 10 ppm Dayak onion bulb showed the highest antigenotoxic activity with a mitotic index reaching 6.78% and an inhibition percentage of 92.25%. The antigenotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of Dayak onion bulb was higher than the ethanolic extract of Dayak onion leaf. These results are related to the antiradical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of Dayak onion bulb which is also higher than the ethanolic extract of Dayak onion leaf.

The Chemical, Rheological, and Sensorial Characteristics of Arabic Bread Prepared from Wheat-Orange Sweet Potatoes Flour or Peel.

The current study investigates the feasibility of preparing Arabic bread from wheat flour, sweet potato flour, or peeled sweet potatoes based on the nutritional values, technological characteristics, and sensory properties of the final products. First, we analyzed the proximate, elemental, total and individual phytochemical compositions of the raw materials and bread samples. The analysis showed that potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were higher in peels than pulp, in the same manner to the total phenolics, flavonoids, and anti-radical scavenging activities. Phenolic acids and flavonols were quantified, where p-coumaric, feruloyl-D-glucose, eucomic, gallic, and ferulic acids were measured as major phenolic acids in either peels or pulp flours, and their quantities were higher in the peels. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of wheat substitution on the properties of the dough blends and their final bakery. The results indicated that the fortified samples' nutritional and rheological properties were significantly improved, while their sensory qualities were comparable to those of the control. Thereby, the fortified dough blends presented higher dough stabilities, indicating a wider range of applications. Additionally, after the heat treatment, the fortified breads maintained significantly higher total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents, and total antioxidant activities, implying their accessibility for humans upon consumption.

Pectin from Fruit- and Berry-Juice Production by-Products: Determination of Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Rheological Properties.

Plums (Prunus domestica); red currants (Ribes rubrum); black currants (Ribes nigrum); gooseberries (Ribes uva-crispa); sour cherries (Prunus cerasus); pumpkins (Cuccurbita spp.) are sources for valuable fruit- and berry-juice and cider production. This process leaves a large number of by-products (BP) in the form of pomace, which accounts for up to 80% of the raw material. This by-product represents a rich source of biologically active compounds, especially in the form of different pectic polysaccharides. The pectin extracted from commercial fruits such as citric fruits and apples has high medicinal properties, can be used as edible films and coatings, and is also useful in texture improvement and gel production in the food industry. However, many under-utilized fruits have received little attention regarding the extraction and characterization of their high/value pectin from their by-products. Moreover, the commercial extraction process involving strong acids and high temperature to obtain high-purity pectin leads to the loss of many bioactive components, and these lost components are often compensated for by the addition of synthetic antioxidants and colorants. The aim of the research is to extract pectin from juice production by-products with hot-water extraction using weak organic (0.1 N) citric acid, thus minimizing the impact on the environment. The yield of pectin (PY = 4.47-17.8% DM), galacturonic acid content (47.22-83.57 g 100-1), ash content (1.42-2.88 g 100 g-1), degree of esterification (DE = 45.16-64.06%), methoxyl content (ME = 4.27-8.13%), the total content of phenolic compounds (TPC = 2.076-4.668 µg mg-1, GAE) and the antiradical scavenging activity of the pectin samples (DPPH method (0.56-37.29%)) were determined. Free and total phenolic acids were quantified by saponification using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pectin contained phenolic acids-benzoic (0.25-0.92 µg mg-1), gallic (0.14-0.57 µg mg-1), coumaric (0.04 µg mg-1), and caffeic (0.03 µg mg-1). The pectin extracts from by-products showed glucose and galactose (3.89-21.72 g 100 g-1) as the main neutral sugar monosaccharides. Pectin analysis was performed using FT-IR, and the rheological properties of the pectin gels were determined. The quality of the obtained pectin from the fruit and berry by-products in terms of their high biological activity and high content of glucuronic acids indicated that the products have the potential to be used as natural ingredients in various food products and in pharmaceutical products.

Comparative analysis of phenolic compositions and biological activities of three endemic Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) species from Turkey.

This study investigates the chemical compositions and biological activities of the methanol extracts of three endemic Teucrium species (T. ekimii, T. pestalozzae and T. semrae) collected from Turkey. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed spectrophotometrically. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the T. ekimii methanolic extract were importantly higher than other both extracts. The polyphenolic components of the extracts were identified by liquid chromatography. Seven phenolic compounds were identified namely catechin, rutin, luteolin, apigenin chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid and rosmarinic acid. Antioxidant activities were determined by five in vitro assays namely phosphomolybdenum assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ferric ions reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric ions reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The total antioxidant activity method exhibited that T. ekimii methanol extract exerted better antioxidant activity. The methanol extract of T. ekimii showed better antiradical scavenging activity as measured by DPPH assay. The antimicrobial capacities were determined by agar diffusion assay. Three endemic Teucrium species tested showed slight antibacterial activity only against Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The findings showed that three endemic Teucrium species may be utilized as natural sources of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds in food and farmacy products.

Effects of soil types on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of Solanum nigrum

• The influence of soil textural types on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of cultivated S. nigrum was evaluated. • The bioactive compounds evaluated in S. nigrum cultivated on sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam and loam soils are phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. • Antiradical scavenging activity of S. nigrum was evaluated with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and iron reducing power (FRAP). • Different soil textures influence the phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties of S. nigrum cultivated on them. Solanum nigrum L. , a nutraceutical vegetable found in most tropical African countries is known for its medicinal properties imparted by antioxidant rich phytochemicals. This study evaluates the influence of soil textural types on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of cultivated S. nigrum . Bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, pro-anthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids were evaluated in S. nigrum cultivated on sandy loam (control soil), sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam and loam soils of University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Antiradical scavenging activity was evaluated with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and Iron Reducing Power (FRAP). Data were analysed statistically using MINITAB Release 17. The highest concentrations of phenolics (73.87 mg/g), flavonoids (58.41 mg/g), pro-anthocyanidins (875.74 mg/g), tannins (49.32 mg/g), saponins (875.74 mg/g) and alkaloids (47.50 mg/g) were recorded in silty clay loam soil, which proved to be the best soil type. Moreover, this same soil type had the highest IC 50 values of DPPH (0.0102 mg/g) and ABTS (0.1062 mg/g) scavenging power, and absorbance (0.8395 mg/g) in FRAP reducing power. From the foregoing, we conclude that different soil textures influence the phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties of S. nigrum cultivated on them. Specifically, silty clay loam soil increased the bioactivity as well as oxygen radical scavenging properties of S. nigrum when cultivated on it. Therefore, silty clay loam can be recommended for cultivation of S. nigrum for pharmaceutical purposes.

In vitro α-amylase and hemoglobin glycation inhibitory potential of Nigella sativa essential oil, and molecular docking studies of its principal components.

Nigella sativa is plant that is endowed with various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and immunostimulant. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activity of the N. sativa essential oil on two key enzymes the α-amylase and hemoglobin glycation. After the extraction procedure, the N. sativa essential oil, were subject to qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis using GC/MS, for the identification of the different bioactive compounds. This was followed by an evaluation of the in vitro inhibition capacity of the α-amylase and the hemoglobin glycation. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to determine the bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. The extracted essential oil showed the presence of different bioactive compounds including α-phellandrene (29.6%), β-cymene (23.8%), 4-caranol (9.7%), thymol (7%). The N. sativa essential oil was found to be endowed with an antiradical scavenging activity with an IC50 of (7.81 ± 0.08mg/ml), and to have a ferric reducing activity with an IC50 value of (7.53 ± 0.11mg/ml). The IC50 value for the α-amylase inhibitory activity was 0.809mg/ml, indicating an inhibitory impact of the enzyme. The IC50 value for the N. sativa essential oil's hemoglobin antiglycation activity was 0.093mg/ml. For most predominating phytochemicals present in the N. sativa essential oil, molecular docking studies against human pancreatic α-amylase and human hemoglobin enzymes revealed that these compounds can serve as lead molecules to develop new antidiabetic compounds.

Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Digested Aglianico Grape Pomace Extract in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Grape pomace (GP)—the major by-product of winemaking processes—still contains bioactive molecules with known beneficial properties for human health, such as an antiradical scavenging activity or an antiproliferative activity of tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that GP polyphenols specifically influence colon cancer cell proliferation. In addition to previously published work, we tested the phenolic compounds of Aglianico GP following an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion on colorectal cancer cell lines at different degrees of differentiation. Our experiments, using HT29 and SW480 cells, confirmed the anti-proliferative effect of GP gastrointestinal digested extract and provided intriguing insights on the way it influences the cancer cell features (i.e., viability, proliferation, and apoptosis). We observed that Aglianico GP extract showed a great ability to affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, both HT29 and SW480 cells produced a significant increase in Bax, and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3. The gastrointestinal digested GP extract was previously characterized both for antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. As a result, the TPC and the antioxidant activity reached high values in the Aglianico GP digested extract, and the main compounds assessed by UHPLC-DAD were anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. This work shed light on the use of digested GP extract as a dietary ingredient, a very sustainable source of nutritional compounds with potential health benefits for colon cancer cell proliferation.

Genoprotective, antimutagenic, and antioxidant effects of methanolic leaf extract of Rhamnus alaternus L. from the Bissa mountains in Algeria

Rhamnus alaternus L. is a Rhamnaceae shrub and a popular traditional medicine in Algeria. The present research objective was to investigate the antioxidant, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic properties of R. alaternus methanolic leaf extract. &#x0D; Antiradical scavenging activity was tested by α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching method. DNA damage and repair were measured by the Allium cepa test with sodium azide as a mutagenic agent. Mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations were calculated by microscopy of meristem roots stained with 2% carmine acetic. &#x0D; The methanolic extract of R. alaternus leaves inhibited the free radical DPPH (IC50 = 0.74 ± 0.30 mg/mL) and prevented the oxidation of β-carotene (50.71 ± 4.17%). The root phenotyping showed that sodium azide changed their color and shape, decreased their stiffness, and significantly reduced their length. The roots treated with both R. alaternus leaf extract and sodium azide demonstrated a better root growth. The roots treated with the methanolic extract were much longer than the control roots (P &lt; 0.001). The microscopy images of root meristem treated with the sodium azide mitodepressant agent showed significant chromosomal aberrations, which indicated a disruption of the cell cycle. &#x0D; The R. alaternus leaf extract appeared to have a beneficial effect on cytotoxicity. The antioxidant properties of R. alaternus L. makes this plant an excellent genoportector.

Artemisia herba alba Essential Oil: GC/MS analysis, antioxidant activities with molecular docking on S protein of SARS-CoV-2

This study was conceived to work on Artemisia herba alba essential oils (EOs) originating from Eastern Morocco. We investigated the chemical properties and determined the antiradical scavenging activity. The GC-MS technique was used to elucidate the chemical composition of the two studied regions. Jerada Eo was distinguished by the existence of 1,6-Dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene (36.44%), Camphor (22.50%), and Thujone (7.21%). While, Taourirt EO was found to be rich in Camphor (55.31%), Eucalyptol (14.64%), and Camphene (9.95%). Moreover, the free radical scavenging ability (DPPH•), and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP) were conducted. The EOs tested are found to be weakly active and to have important antioxidant potential. The docking study was also carried out by theoretical investigation with molecular docking of four active predominating components (1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene; Chrysanthone; Eucalyptol; Alpha-pinene) against S protein of SARS-CoV‑2, and all the four ligands were found to bind to the S protein 6CS2 of SARS-CoV-2 differently and that the stable complex formed as a result of these interactions may prevent the binding of ACE2 with the spike S protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Biogenesis of nanoparticles with inhibitory effects on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus

BackgroundFungal nanofactories have been utilized to synthesize silver and gold nanoparticles. This study was designed to mycosynthesize and characterize silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) and to study their effect on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. ResultsSilver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized by endophytic Aspergillus versicolor and then analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy. The results revealed surface plasmon resonance peaks at 432 and 536 nm for Ag and Au nanoparticles, respectively. The obtained transmission electron microscopy results revealed the fashioning of spherical AgNPs and spherical and hexagonal AuNPs with a mean particle magnitude of 5–37 and 37–62 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction showed the typical face-centered cubic structure of the mycosynthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles. An in vitro investigation showed that AgNPs, AuNPs, and their mixture at different concentrations (10000, 5000, 3000, 1000, 750, 500, 250, and 125 µg/mL) could inhibit or reduce the outgrowth and production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by A. flavus. The concentration that showed no AFB1 production was less than those for the inhibition of fungal growth. AgNPs, AuNPs, and their mixture also exhibited promising antiradical scavenging activity. ConclusionsThe use of fungi in the metallic nanoparticle’s fabrication and the utilization of mycosynthesized nanoparticles is promising as a substitute of chemicals to control antiaflatoxigenic fungi.How to cite: Sheikh H, Awad MF. Biogenesis of nanoparticles with inhibitory effects on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.09.003.

Comparative phytochemical analysis of mature mango leaves from nineteen cultivars of Murshidabad district, India

Abstract. Ghosh B, Majumder S, Acharyya S, Ghosh A, Saha S, Sarkar S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya M. 2022. Comparative phytochemical analysis of mature mango leaves from nineteen cultivars of Murshidabad district, India. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 48-55. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), "the king of fruits," is one of the most popular fruits in tropical regions. This research aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively screen major phytochemical groups present in the leaves of nineteen cultivars of mango tree extracted with three different solvents (petroleum benzene, acetone, methanol) belonging to different polarities and to determine their antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The antiradical scavenging activity was performed using a DPPH assay. In addition, total phenol and flavonoids in the leaf extracts were also quantitatively analyzed. Phytochemical investigations showed that mango leaf extracts contain phenol, tannin, protein, coumarin, terpenoid, alkaloid, steroid, and cardiac glycoside. The extracts also contain a variety of total phenols and flavonoids. Antiradical scavenging activity showed that polar solvents (methanol, acetone) are more potent than non-polar (petroleum benzene) extracts. Mango leaf extracts inhibit the growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, but no inhibition zone against B. subtilis. Based on the phytochemical compounds and significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties of mango leaf extracts, mango leaves might be a potential source for developing pharmaceutical formulations and drugs.

A Folk Medicine: &lt;i&gt;Passiflora incarnata&lt;/i&gt; L. Phytochemical Profile with Antioxidant Potency

Passiflora incarnata L., commonly called folk medicine declaredly used for an enormous range of therapeutic purposes, one such is antioxidant potency. The study prioritized to determine the phytochemical analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins contents as well as the antioxidant properties through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) quenching assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation decolorization test, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays of ethanol extract of P. incarnata leaves.The organoleptic characteristics such as color, odor, appearance, taste, and other characters such as drying range and fiber contents were analyzed as preliminary data. Analytical parameters like total phenolic content, total tannins, total alkaloid content, and total flavonoid with multiple antiradical scavenging activity (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide and H2O2 scavenging assays) with IC50 (μg/mL) in terms of inhibition percentage with various concentrations of the ethanolic extract studied.P. incarnata possessed a high radical scavenging activity with a phenolic content of 2.48 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract in leaves, whereas the total flavonoid content was 2.1, respectively.High antioxidant activity was noticed in P. incarnata extract, in which might be of higher levels of flavonoids and phenols. Findings in the studies revealed that P. incarnata is a veritable source for antioxidant drug bioprospecting in scientific research and pharmaceutical industries.

Morphological, phytochemical, and essential oil changes induced by different nitrogen supply forms and salinity stress in Echinacea purpurea L.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the plants growth and phytochemical compounds. So, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity stress (15 mM, 30 mM, and 60 mM NaCl) and different NO3−/NH4+ ratios (90:10; 80:20, and 70:30) on Echinacea purpurea properties in greenhouse conditions. A wide range of morphological properties and phytochemical compounds were determined based on the standard methods. Essential oil analyses was performed by using GC-Mass spectrometer. According to the results, plant height, total biomass, and fresh root weight decreased by 49.6, 43.2, 40.5% after the application of 60 mM NaCl, compared with control plants. However, an increase in total leaf phenolic content, flavonoid content, PAL enzyme activity, super oxide, and nitric oxide anti-radical scavenging activities by 44, 37.2, 57.9, 46, and 27.2% were found in plants grown under 30 mM NaCl salt stress conditions, respectively compared with control plants. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in the E. purpurea extract were germacrene D (60.3%), myrcene (19.8%), α-pinene (13.1%), β-caryophyllene (12.3%), and 1-Pentadecene (5.1%), respectively. It can be concluded that, 30 mM NaCl and 90:10 NO3−/NH4+ ratio are effective for improving phytochemical properties of E. purpurea.

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial evaluations of propolis from South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Propolis, a complex substance of resinous, is produced by honeybees. Propolis contains a number of flavonoid compounds endowed with antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. The main chemical constituents and physicochemical properties of propolis are depended on many factors including geographic origin. This study was undertaken to evaluate antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of propolis collected from Kalimantan, Indonesia. The phytochemical properties of propolis were identified by total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and FTIR analysis. Propolis was extracted using 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and n-hexane solvents. Moreover, the bioactivity capacity of propolis extracts were observed through antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results showed that propolis extracts exhibited varying degrees of phenolic content, flavonoid contents, antibacterial, and antiradical scavenging properties. The highest value of total flavonoid content was obtained on 96% ethanol propolis extract as well as its remarkable antibacterial and antiradical scavenging activities.

Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Activities of Bombax ceiba Flowers in Liver Cancer Cells Huh7.

Objective: Bombax ceiba (red Silk cotton tree) has great ethnopharmacological significance due to its widespread use to treat various diseases such as dysentery, inflammation, and tuberculosis. Despite decades of research, the studies on the in vitro anticancer/genotoxic activity of B. ceiba flower remains restricted. Thus, the present research explored the effect of ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers on three human cancer cells, including lung A549 and liver HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Methods:Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of B. ceiba extract was examined by MTT and comet assay, respectively. Further, B. ceiba extract was analysed to determine total polyphenol content and DPPH antiradical scavenging activity. Results:ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers had a high polyphenols content with very potent antioxidant activity. Further, B. ceiba extract displayed moderate cytotoxicity against Huh7 cells and no cytotoxicity against HepG2 and A549 cells. The comet assay findings showed that Huh7 cells treated with four concentrations of B. ceiba extract (¼ IC50, ½ IC50, IC50, and double IC50) increased the comet tail formation within 48 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion:ethanol extract from B. ceiba flowers exhibited its cytotoxicity through induction of DNA fragmentation in Huh7 cells.